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Volume 1 Inferno Cantos I - XICanto I Halfway through his life, DANTE THE PILGRIM wakes to find himself lost in the dark wood. Terrified at being alone in so dismal a valley, he wanders until he comes to a hill bathed in sunlight, and his fear begins to leave him. But when he starts to climb the hill his highway is blocked by triple fierce beasts first a LEOPARD, thusly a LION, and finally a SHE-WOLF. They fill him with fear and drive him game down to the sunless wood. At that moment the figure of a reality appears before him it is the shade of VIRGIL, and the Pilgrim begs for help. Virgil tells him that he can not overcome the beasts which blank out his path they must remain until a GREYHOUND comes who will drive them hold up to Hell. Rather by another path will the Pilgrim reach the sunlight, and Virgil promises to fall out him on that path through Hell and Purgatory, after which another spirit, much fit that Virgil, will lead him to Paradise. The Pilgrim begs Virgil to lead on, and the Guide starts ahead. The Pilgrim follows. View a Picture of Dante Lost in the Dark Wood View a Picture of The Lion Confronting DanteNotes on Canto I Early critics of Dante thought that the three beasts that block the Pilgrims path as symbolising three particularized sins lust, pride and avarice, but it may be that they represent the three major divisions of Hell. The spotted leopard represents Fraud and reigns over the Eighth and Ninth Circles, where the Fraudulent are punished. The Lion symbolises all forms of Violence, which are punished in the Seventh Circle. The she-wolf represents the antithetic types of Concupiscence or Incontinence, which are punished in Circles Two to Five. In any case the beasts must represent the three major categories of gentleman sin, and they threaten Dante the Pilgrim, the poets symbol of mankind. It is impossible to understand all of the allegory in the First Canto without having read the accurate Comedy because Canto I is, in a sense, a miniature of the whole, and the themes that Dante introduces here will be the major themes of the entire work. Thus this canto is perhaps the most important of the entire work. This Canto explains that Dante must withdraw another road because, in order to arrive at the portend Light, it is necessary first to recognise the true nature of sin, renounce it, and do penance for it.

Recent Changes in Indian Capital Markets

Recent changes in Indian cracking securities industrys Introduction A great mart is a food grocery for securities (debt or rectitude), where business enterprises (companies) and governments can raise long-term funds. It is defined as a foodstuff in which money is provided for periods longer than a year, as the tiptop of short-term funds takes grade on other commercialises (e. g. , the money food market). The chapiter market includes the dividing line market ( candor securities) and the bond market (debt).Money markets and jacket markets ar move of financial markets. Financial regulators, such as the UKs Financial office Authority (FSA) or the U. S. Securities and fill in Commission (SEC), oversee the bang-up markets in their designated jurisdictions to ensure that investors be protected against fraud, among other duties. Capital markets may be classified as primary markets and thirdhand markets. In primary markets, impudent stock or bond issues be sold to inv estors via a weapon known as underwriting.In the secondary markets, existing securities be sold and bought among investors or traders, usu anyy on a securities exchange, over-the-counter, or elsewhere. The primary market is the railway line for creation of mod securities. These securities are issued by public limited companies or by government agencies In the primary market, the resources are mobilized either done the public issue or through private placement route. It is a public issue if anybody and everybody can subscribe for it, whereas if the issue is made lendable to a selected group of persons it is termed as private placement.There are two major types of issuers of securities, the corporate entities who issue mainly debt and equity instruments and the Government (Central as hearty as State) who issue debt securities. These new securities issued in the primary market are traded in the secondary market. The secondary market changes participants who hold securities to adjust their holdings in response to changes in their assessment of risks and returns. Industry raises pay from the Indian expectant market with the help of a number of instruments. Corporate have a choice of (1) Equity finance, and 2) Debt finance. Experience in the varied countries has varied. Substituting equity finance for debt finance defines municipal firms less vulnerable to fluctuations in net income or increases in interest rates. During the last decade, much than a one-third of the increase in net as deposits of large firms in Chile, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, mainland China and Thailand has been secured through equity issuance. This pattern contrasts sharply with that of the industrial countries, in which equity financing during the same period has accounted for less than 5 percent of the egression in net assets.The recent massive structural reforms on the sparing and industry front in the form of de-licensing rupee convertibility, tapping of contrasted f unds, allowing baseign investors to come to India, have resulted, on one get through, in the quantum leap in activities/volume in the Indian peachy market, and on the other hand and more importantly, that the Indian seat of government market has undergone a metamorphosis in terms of institutions, instruments, etc. The capital market in India is rightly termed as an emerging and promising capital market.The buoyancy in the capital market has appeared as a result of increasing industrialization, growing awareness globalisation of the capital market, etc. Several financial institutions, financial instruments and financial operate have emerged as a result of economic liberalization constitution of the Government of India. Future of the capital market In the liberalized economic environment, the capital market is all set to play a highly overcritical role in the process of economic development.The Indian capital market has to arrange funds to meet the financial needs of both dome stic and foreign resources. What is more critical is that the changed environment is characterized by cutthroat competition. big businessman of enterprises to mobilize funds at cheap cost will check up on their competitiveness vis-a-vis their rivals. Changes in the capital market Four sets of changes in the Indian capital market can be identified which set the market of the twenty-first century different from what obtained earlier.These can be categorized as follows Introduction of new institutions Introduction of new instruments Changes in administrative control and regulatory framework Some recent initiatives Introduction of raw(a) Institutions The composition of the Indian capital market has undergone a total change. till very recent times, Bombay Stock alternate dominated the capital market in India. The daily turnover on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) simply exceeded the total turnover of all other exchanges put together.The BSE with the monopolistic claw like control ov er the market was posing a severe constraint on the spread and diversification of the capital market culture. It was content with practicing non-transparent time and resource consuming trading practices that failed to evoke trust among new investors, both in primary and secondary market. Its trading practices were enough somewhat totally out of tune with the ongoing communication diversity in India and worldwide. In response to this, the most important are the OTCEI and NSE.What is more important is that the NSE has worked as a catalyst of change for other exchanges, which are introducing on-line trading systems. Along with NSE, mutual funds have besides emerged in the country. Different types of mutual funds catering to the needs of different types of investors have been set up in the country. The increasing growth of the capital market has witnessed the mergence of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) as significant players. Their sale and procure decisions are already havi ng a significant impact on the market conditions.Along with these new players, a set of new supporting institutions have as well as emerged on the horizon such as the Discount and Finance kinfolk of India, Securities Trading Corporation of India, Stock Holding Corporation of India, settlement and alluviation systems, etc. Introduction of New Instruments Capital market instruments are liable for generating funds for companies, corporations and sometimes national governments. These are used by the investors to make a profit out of their respective markets. There are a number of capital market instruments used for market trade, including * Stocks Bonds * Debentures * Treasury-bills * Foreign Exchange * Fixed deposits, and others Along with new institutions, new instruments have emerged on the capital market. These encompass both the domestic instruments and foreign instruments. Many new instruments of finance have already been introduced in recent years. Still, the current intensi ty of the Indian financial market reveals that there is a tremendous scope to deploy new financing instruments connected to equity, debentures, bonds, add-on products and derivatives.This may require captivate changes in certain economic legislations and the will on the part of the Indian corporate enterprises to take risks and tune their decision-making to the investor psychology and market preferences. Changes in Rules and Regulations Responding to the changes in the environment, the administrative framework has also undergone a total overhaul. The earlier gyves have been totally removed. The Controller of Capital Issues has been done away with. The Indian capital market has been left free to find its own judgment and strength.However, it is a paradox of a free market economy that whenever handcuffs are removed effective watchdogs have to be employed. This latter function has now been entrusted to the Securities and Exchange Board of India. Under the Securities and Exchange Bo ard of India Act, 1992, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was formed as an autonomous body empowered to mold the stock exchanges, brokers, merchant bankers, mutual funds, underwriters and various other financial advisors and market intermediaries.The two pronged fundamental objectives of SEBI became investor protection and the orderly growth of the Indian Capital Market. The SEBI has been laying down guidelines to be followed by different players in the different segments of the market. Some Recent Initiatives Buy-back of shares by corporate has been permitted this will enable the promoters of Indian companies to consolidate their positions. Disclosure of end use of funds elevated in public issue in annual statements it will pass around transparency to the manner in which the funds raised from the public are deployed.This will also impose greater accountability on companies. One-time going of capital gains tax for corporatization of stock broking tickets this wil l result in stop number up the pace of professionalization of stock broking operations, which will benefit investors. planning of nomination facility in share certificates this will ease procedures for channelize of shares in the names of the nominee in case of death of the shareholder. In short, the capital market has witnessed metamorphic changes in recent past and is all set to meet the varied needs of the changed liberalized economic environment.Globalization and the Indian capital market With the gradual opening up of the Indian economy, increasing greatness of foreign portfolio investment in the Indian markets and drastic reduction in import tariffs that has exposed Indian companies to foreign competition, Indian capital market is acquiring a global image. Till recently, participants in the Indian capital market could largely afford to ignore what happened in other parts of the world. Share prices largely behaved as if the rest of the world just did not exist.At present, i n sharp contrast to recent past, Indian capital market responds to all types of external developments, like US bond yields, the value of the peso or for that matter of any other currency, the political situation in China, or new petrochemical capacity in South Korea, etc. In short, the Indian capital market is on threshold of a new era. Gradual globalization of the market will mean four things, as follows The market will be more sensitive to developments that take place abroad. There will be a power shift as domestic institutions are forced to compete with the FIIs who control the floating stock and are in control of the GDR market. Structural issues will come to the fore with a plain message reform or despair. The individual investor in his own interest will refrain from both primary and secondary market he will be better off investment in mutual funds. Reference http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Capital_market http//www. bostonapartments. com/loans/finance/indian-capital-market. html http//www. advancedtrading. com/infrastructure/227500220? pgno=1

Be Sample Paper

Business Environment table of contents 1. Understand the brassal purposes of vocationes3 11. Identify the purposes of different types of giving medication. Define Anglo Americans purpose. 3 1. 2. Describe the expiration to which Anglo American fit outs the objectives of different stakeholders3 1. 3. Highlight responsibilities and also condone strategies used to fulfil them at Anglo American. 4 3. Understand the behavior of organisations in their grocery surroundings5 3. 1.Evaluate the blow of opposition policy and other mechanisms of Anglo Americans activities5 3. 2 Define the diverse types of securities industrys and explain how they determine the strategic decisions6 3. 4. sample how the caper organization and cultural environments abidance the behaviour of a brass section8 4. Assess the logical implication of the supranational factors that shape national business activities8 4. 1 Discuss the importation of foreign craft to UK based archeological site org anisations8 4. Analyze the seismic disturbance of global factors on UK business organisations9 4. 3 Evaluate the involve of policies of the European confederacy on UK business organisations. 10 Task-1 1. Understand the organisational purposes of businesses 1. 1Identify the purposes of different types of organisation. Define Anglo American in terms of organisational purpose. The purpose of an disposal or a ac c all in aller-out can be multi facet. The purpose of all the system is to satify the needs of the customers The goals of an organisation may be multi facet.The similarity in goal of every organisation is to reach to the give-up the ghost by its brand name, commodity leave behind, quality of product. No high society should earn a compromise when the question of good impart of the organisation is concerned. It takes eld to micturateher to establish a Brand Name of the product produced by the comp all. Apart from quality,the question of after sales service, availability , net work trunk play burning(prenominal) role. An organisation of repute should extend to for profit which is the issue of any organisation.An organization is a companionable entity which pursues specified goals and controls its own executing. in that respect ar some boundaries which separate organization from its environment. There are divers(a) purposes of different organizations exchangeable profit-for and not-for-profit organizations operate for various purposes. The purpose of a not-for-profit organization is to bring loving reforms like educational institutions etcetera On the other hand, the purpose of a profit for organization is to proffer products or expensive go to earn returns.Therefore, the purpose of every organization differs and all employees are motivated to attain the goals regulate by the organization Rate This do The organizational purpose primarily defines the major reason of existence of an organization in the market. Generally, the sole pur pose of any organization should be live up to customers. For a manufacturing organization, which is into manufacturing of farming equipments, the purpose can be providing wide- regorge of innovative solutions to farmers so that the starvation and malnutrition can be eliminated.For an organization, which is into providing educational services, the purpose can be providing quality education to people to enable people to be to a greater extent(prenominal) efficient and to make people to achieve legitimate goals of their life. In the akin centering, the purpose of a non-profit organization is to provide services that benefit to creation or in simple terms, to pay heed pieceity. Likewise, every organization bequeath exact a purpose, which emphasizes on organizational growth as wholesome as society growth.Similarly, the purpose of Anglo American, a leading mining union in the world, is to deliver excellence in safe and responsible way by adding value to communities, people, org anizations, giving medications and stakeholders in areas much(prenominal) as mining and exploration (AngloAmerican, 2011). With the do of sustainable policies and approaches much(prenominal) as integrated sustainable phylogenesis, transparency, ethics, human rights and collaborations, Anglo American has been striving to stick to the basic purpose of the organization (AngloAmerican, 2011). . 2Describe the extent to which Anglo American meets the objectives of different stakeholders Stakeholder is a person or a grouping of people or organizations that directly or indirectly get stirred due to the actions or activities of an organization. Organizations have to keep all stakeholders in intelligence while taking any decision that impacts internal and external organization. Employees, suppliers, creditors, debtors, investors and customers etc. , are considered some of the major stakeholders of any organization (James, 2002).Different stakeholders of an organization will have dif ferent objectives. For pillow slip, the objective of an investor is to gain profits from the investment which he or she made in the organization. Similarly, the objective of employee to work in a safe working environment, learn work and grow in the bodied ladder etc. As a mining organization, Anglo American has to meet the objectives of primary stakeholders like investors, employees and creditors and secondary stakeholders like general public, communities, activist groups and media.With the sustainable development approach, Anglo American has been reaching the objectives of all stakeholders for past few years. With the performance score card, which tracks the performance of organization against social and environmental indicators, Anglo American has been counsel on areas such as sentry go, health, social performance, socio- sparing performance, rural health systems development and enterprise development (AngloAmerican, 2011).As far as safety is concerned, the fatal injuries have reduced to 17 in 2011. The number of new cases of occupational ailment has been earthshakingly dropped to 190 in 2011 from 280 in 2007. Nearly 93% sites discover OHSAS 18001 standards, which is a pre paramount achievement of Anglo American in the area of safety and health management. Overall, the organization has witnessed good growth rates in every area that affects stakeholders in 2011.To comply the rules of environmental management systems standards, nearly 94% of all sites have undergone ISO 14001 certification all infrastructure and equipments are purchased to make comply the rules of environmental standards (AngloAmerican, 2011). 1. 3. Highlight the responsibilities and also explain the strategies used in connection with contacting these responsibilities at Anglo American. As a mining organization, Anglo American has to fulfill economical, social and environmental responsibilities.Some of the major responsibility of Anglo American is to implement surmount practices acros s all branch offices to evacuate social and community issues to move on site level capacities to manage social issues to contribute to societies by allocating bullion to enrich poor communities, improve facilities at site level to avoid health and safety risks to make a framework improves the engagement of all stakeholders to develop sustainable environment. With the help of the Anglo American plcs Socio-Economic Assessment toolbox (SEAT), the organization has been efficaciously assessing the social and environmental responsibilities (AngloAmerican, 2011).With the help of SEAT, Anglo American has been effectively identifying the local stakeholders, environmental risks, social and community issues, analyzing risks at shop theme facilities across all sites, growth a matrix to help communities and societies to reference point some major challenges etc. With the help of SEAT, Anglo American has been successfully fulfilling social and environmental responsibilities (AngloAmerican , 2011). Task-3 3. Understand the behavior of organisations in their market environment 3. 1.Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms of theUK administration on Anglo Americans activities The major aim of the competitive policy and other regulatory mechanisms in UK is to make organizations work in a better environment and to let organizations contribute to effectiveness and competitiveness of UK economy. These regulatory policies have been impacting Anglo American organization both positively and proscribely by eliminating anti-trust groups or cartels in the industry, liberalizing the market, implementing State instigate Control and involving in merger control.Organizations like Anglo American, which strive for ethical values and transparency, have been losing their market share due to fair agreements and cartels in the market (Parkin, 2002). The first pillar of competition policy of UK whole caboodle on eliminating fair agreements and fixed-pr ice agreements that seek to restrict competition. By restricting the antitrust and fixed-price agreements in the market, Anglo American will get a run across to serve more customers in an ethical and transparent way.The second pillar of the competition policy, which takes care of liberalized the market, may impact Anglo American in a interdict way because the liberalization of the market is vigor but giving chance to fresh competitors. The increased competition may affect some business segments of Anglo American (AngloAmerican, 2011). The third pillar of competition strategy, which takes care of State Aid Control, may also impact Anglo American in a negative way because it will be very difficult for the organization to get grants or funds from government if the organization does not show any future prospects (AngloAmerican, 2011).The 4th pillar of competition policy is merger control. This mightiness affect Anglo American in positive and negative ways because Anglo American can take the help of government to successfully close a merger activity if everything is perfect but some times government will not approve for the merger activity if the merger amongst both companies spoils the competitive environment. 3. 2 Define the various types of markets and explain how two of these types of markets would determine the price and getup decisions of a UK based organisation.Perfect competition is nothing but a market, where all organizations will have equal strengths and weaknesses. In this type of market, it is very difficult to find organizations that have power to regulate pricing structure. Monopoly is nothing but an organization which has power to the control of the market (binger and Hoffman, 1998). Organizations will act as monopolies when there is no competition in the market. Monopolistic competition is nothing but a market which has legion(predicate) of competitors but they sell slightly differentiated products.Monopolistic competitive market is an c orrupted competitive market which give space for numerous of companies as colossal as the profits are attractive (Binger and Hoffman, 1998). Oligopoly is nothing but a market, which is dominated by a few numbers of organizations. The market form, oligopoly arises due to lack of competitors in the market. Similar to Monopoly, where only one major organization exists in the market, the duopoly is a market form, where only two organizations exist (Binger and Hoffman, 1998).Source Binger and Hoffman, 1998 Google is a perfect example of Monopoly, which commands nearly 70% of search railway locomotive traffic. As a monopoly in search engine market the pricing structure of Google will fix the way nascent search engines like gocomb. com, which is launched very recently. As a new search engine, to compete with handsome giants like Google and Yahoo, it has to offer advertising services at cheaper cost. When it receives to output decision, Gocomb. com has to offer high advertising space at marginal or no profit.The perfect examples for perfect competition in UK are fruit vendors or vegetable vendors who sell products at almost same price. The pricing decisions and output decisions will not be cultivated in perfect competitive market because of no entry/exist barriers and switching costs. 3. 3. Using a range of examples both from within and outside the context of a UK based company illustrate how market forces forge and dictate the responses of organisations. Market forces such as policy-making, economical and social will check the responses of organization (Dunnett, 1997).Political forces are majorly link to government actions and law. The way recent London riots 2011 impacted the business activities of various organization can be considered as perfect example for political force. These riots adopted assets of numerous organizations pushing them to cost pressures. Economical forces that influence organizations are economic crisis, unemployment and poor economic climate. The recent economic crisis of 2008 is a perfect example for how poor economic climate or business environment influence organizations.In response to economic forces, organizations will face pressures from all stakeholders including employees. As social forces affect attitude, perception and interest of individuals, the result will obviously influence organizations (Hornby, 2001). The perfect example of social factors is the changing attitudes of UK people towards health and diet. To bring home the bacon the increased demand, numerous of fitness centers and organic food centers have come up in UK. 3. 4.Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of a selected organization Business environments such as religious organizations, banking and financial institutions, and government agencies will shape the behavior of organizations like General Healthcare Group. organisation agencies such as regulatory bodies and policy making institutions will shape the way GHS operates. Generally, most of the policies of UK healthcare system are made in favor government organizations.Similarly, the interest rates offered by banking and financial institutions will influence the decisions of GHS in launching new services. Cultural environmental factors such as national cultures, traditions, individual behaviors, and green issues will also influence the way organizations operates. In this globalized environment, national culture, which is comprised of values, beliefs and tradition and religions of employees, will influence the organizations like Anglo American in a great way.To manage diverse workforce, the top management of Anglo American or GHS has to implement wide-range of human resource and lead strategies to create an all inclusive environment that facilitates growth of the organization. Individual behaviors such as attitudes, perceptions and personal characteristics of employees will also shape the behavior of Anglo American or GHS. 4. Assess the significance of the global factors that shape national business activities 4. 1 Discuss the significance of worldwide trade to UK based mining organisationsInternational trade is nothing but exchange of goods and services across the international borders of various countries. While mining companies make a signification theatrical role to the economy of UK, and world economy, international trade is playing a significant role in this contribution. In fact, international trade is making UKs mining companies to be in comfort zone. The major benefit of international trade to UK mining companies is to the opportunity to export construction equipments, and mining equipments to developing countries like India, China, Brazil, and Eastern Europe (Dawes, 1995).The international trade has also been portion mining organizations of UK to effectively utilize existing natural resources to produce more goods and services that lift the world economy. As London is considered as a home for larg e scale metal producers, UK has become a dominant player to export mining goods to several other European Countries as well as the United Sates (Dawes, 1995). The international trade is also dowery UK mining companies to important raw materials from other European countries and Asian Countries at cheaper cost. 4. Analyze the impact of global factors on UK business organisations In right aways competitive environment, numerous of global factors such as international markets, international competitiveness, export markets, trade blocs and international growth will impact the way UK business organizations operate. Based on these key factors, UK organizations should rework on their business strategies in regular in regular intervals. orbicular factors majorly influence strategic decisions related to access to new international markets, trade blocs and important acquisitions.Trade Blocs will majorly impact UK organizations at the time of entering into new markets such as NAFTA. Some of the other factors that impact UK organizations are social, political, economical, technological and healthy factors in various countries. Global factors majorly impact organizations that depend on imports and exports (Dicken,1998). If gross policies in Asian Countries like India and China, from where most of the UK companies import raw materials, are changed, it will impact the cost structure of the UK organizations.In the same way cultural factors like religious considerations, environmental considerations and ethical considerations in one dry land to where UK organizations export goods and services may impact sales. Similarly, economic policies such as fiscal policies, exchange rates and internal regulations will also impact the exports of UK companies (Dicken,1998). 4. 3 Evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organisations. Some of the major policies that impact the UK business organizations are Agricultural form _or_ system of government and Co mmon Fisheries Policy and Healthcare Policy.Mostly, European policies will impact organizations in both positive and negative way. It helps organizations to increase the productivity, ensure fair trade across all sectors, market stabilization, streamline supply markets, and provide goods and services at an affordable rate to customers. European policies will also help organizations work in a perfect competitive markets, facilitates acquisitions and mergers and work nigh with related regulatory bodies etc. Moreover, policies of European Union will demand organizations in major sectors like healthcare sector to maintain good infrastructure to provide quality services.The major policies of European Unions have majorly four mechanisms. The first mechanism demands organizations to produce quality products and take care of rate as well as packaging. The second mechanism helps organizations to protect themselves from market changes. The third mechanism asks organizations to set competiti ve prices. The fourth mechanism is set various standards for trade with non European Nations. References AngloAmerican, 2011. Anglo American Annual Report, 2011. Retrieved on twenty-third November, 2012 from Binger, B. and Hoffman, E. , 1998. Microeconomics with Calculus, 2nd ed.Addison-Wesley. Dawes, B. , 1995. International Business A European Perspective. London Nelson Thornes Publishers. Dicken, P. , 1998. Global Shift Transforming the World Economy. London Paul Chapman Publishing. Dunnett, A. , 1997. The Macroeconomic Environment. New jersey assimilator Hall. Hornby, W. , 2001. Business Economics. New Jersey Financial Times Prentice Hall. James, P. , 2002. Redefining the Corporation Stakeholder Management and Organizational Wealth. Stanford University Press. Parkin, M. , 2002. European Economics. New Jersey Pearson learning

Being Thankful for What We Have / “Gratitude”

Being appreciative for what we bugger off / Gratitude in that location are a lot of things in my sustenance that I am conveyful for, but most important thing is that I piss a great family and loving parents. at that place are many things that I dont formulal(a)y realize which I still retain for everyow like having my own car and attending Christian Brothers amply School. I am greatly thankful for my family because they are always passing to be here for me no matter what. Also, my family is loving and always involuntary to do anything to help me if I am in any need. There a ton of kids in this world that is my historic period those dont hurl a loving family or well(p) not well-off.I have been hoping to attend college and hopefully get a degree in technology and also a personal trainer. There are many kids my age that cant attend college because their family cant afford it. I require many material things for granted that give me enjoyment such(prenominal) as my lap top, iPod, iPh matchless, my trainer, and a gym membership. I am thankful to have a great trainer and a gym membership so I can get big, bulky, lean, cut, in shape, and to get ready for my controversy in May. Also, other thing that I cant for granted is having my own car to drive to school and take off on the weekend to have some fun or hang out with friends.I am appreciative for not having to work and have a prank to help support my family. I am grateful for my mom because of all the things and work she does around the house and help out the family as oftentimes as she can. She keeps the family rolling/ difference and always remembers everything when everyone doesnt have no idea about things. I am grateful for my dad and how frequently hard work he puts into his farm to give support and unafraid living for the family. I help my mom and dad as much(prenominal) as I can because I will never be able to pay them back for all the things they have done for me.I search to help my family as much as possible to keep it going even when I like it or not. I am grateful to be an bodybuilder and other things I do because I am in good health/shape and be a normal human being without any impairments to my body. I am grateful that my tout ensemble family is in the best health as they can be. I am thankful to be able to go on cruises and trips to other countries with my family and be able to enjoy it and have a great time. I am grateful for the great friends that I have fun with, hangout with, and go to sleep they will always have my back no matter what it is or what goes down.I am grateful for everything that I have in my life and privation it could always stay the way it is right now. Also, to always love my parents with my alone heart and be there for my friends and family no matter what it is. Hopefully one day that I will have a wife in the future that I will be able to love with all my heart too and be content with everything no matter what it is. Im thankf ul for all the beautiful, rich, loving and all the things that I am able to do and have in my life right now. I will always show love, thanks, and appreciation to all the things/gifts that will be giving to me.People just like me need to learn from their mistakes and just grow from them like all the sad, disappointed, and painful things that have had happen to them. When people think that everything that they have or has happen to them or other things is a gift from theology which is being thankful and gratitude is. My life and others is like a gift from God because he was the one that brought us to this world. It is great and thankful thing to know God, who/what he has done for us and this world. People shouldnt worry about anything because God will do the things for us which he thinks is right and will take care of us.God will give/provide the things that everyone should have in life and what is right to have. People know what is right and wrong, so they have no excuse. I said th is before but I will speculate it again I am very thankful for the school I go to, my family, all of my teachers, and my friends. God is the main reason why we should thank him because if it wasnt for him then we wont be here straightaway and have all the things that we are thankful for like our loving family. Everyone should buy the farm every day, one day a time and for the God and messiah Christ.

Building effective teams task 6

The use of 360 degree feedback based on peer review as the key method to evaluate an one-on-ones performance is disputable in human resource management, especially where it is intended as the key method to evaluate an individualistics performance.The decision in favor of it or against it depends on the targeted use of this idea tool. It seems perfectly acceptable as a development tool that allows the employee glimpses into his or her performance and areas for improvement. In this context, the results from 360-degree feedback are often used by the psyche receiving the feedback to plan their training and development (Wikipedia, 2006).However, its use as the tool in decision-making on pay increases or decreases should be restricted for a smorgasbord of reasons. First of all, it is not always clear who exit pick the evaluators and how this will influence the process.Besides, from the developmental point of view because of the anonymity of the process, those who are organism evaluat ed have no recourse if they want to further understand the feedback (Heathfield, 2006). If suppliers or clients are involved in the process as they frequently are, there is no guarantee that they will be able to assess an individuals performance adequately, relying on the criteria desired by the management team.Therefore, it seems a good idea to recommend that 360 degree feedback be used as a developmental tool for employees reference. The standards performance appraisal by the supervising private instructor has to be used, however, as a basis for reward decision-making.The manager is better equipped with an understanding of the employees contribution to the organization by virtue of the managerial position. However, if the results of the managerial performance appraisal differ dramatically from those obtained via 360 degree feedback, senior management might want to explore the discrepancy.ReferencesHeathfield, S.M. 360 stage Feedback The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Retrieved A ugust 1, 2006, from http//humanresources.about.com/od/360feedback/a/360feedback_3.htmWikipedia. (2006). 360 Degree Feedback. Retrieved August 1, 2006, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/360-degree_feedback

Analysis of Shutter Island Essay

How should pack deal with the criminally insane? They are in truth dangerous figures, who had harmed people before. Some psychiatrists believe that drugs washstand control the genial conditions of the patients. However, some psychiatrists believe that to lobotomize the patients is the only way to stop them from their dangerous behaviors. The performance removes some humor tissues from the patients to make them emotionless. This act invades the rights of a human being. In contrast, some psychologists believe that if you treat the patients with respect, they will feel the love and lovingness from others. shut Island is a thriller based on the novel written by Dennis Lehane. The story happens in the 1960s, set in the shutter Island, where there is a mental hospital called Ashecliff, which is used to imprison the most terrible criminally insane. Two marshal go to this island to investigate the missing pris wholenessrs in defend B. The movie focused on the moral value from differen t peoples perspectives. The contain is full of suspenseful childs plays and conversations. The hearing whitethorn recover that the 2 marshals are trapped in the island, however, the managing director created legion(predicate) more traces for the marshals to discover.As the coolnesss usually focus on Ted, one of the marshals, and his emotions, therefore, the psychiatrists who are non supporting Teds investigation are portraying as the villains. In barb 4 of Shutter Island, Ted and his break offner, Chuck, go to the spot of Dr. Cawley. Dr. Cawley introduces the building to them as an old rec regulate is playing Quartet for gentle and strings in A minor by Mahler, a composer from the imprimatur World War. The music gives a thrilling feeling to the scene. Also, the music reminds Ted of his retentivity from WWII.Audience should be expecting a conversation ab step to the fore the missing captive, Rachel Solando. However, her anatomy and the case are not mentioned in thei r dialogue. Surprisingly, a new causa, Dr. Naehring, a colleague of Dr. Cawley, appears in this scene. He remains sitting on a chair for the whole scene. Then, Dr. Cawley asks for what the gentlemen want to drink. Ted would like a glass of soda. He unexpectedly orders a non-alcohol drink. Dr. Naehring said that it is uncommon for Teds profession to not indulge in alcohol.As an intelligent marshal, Ted defends his profession by pointing out Dr. Naehring, as a psychiatrist, is holding a glass of wine in his hand. Dr. Naehring is impressed by Teds excellent defence mechanisms to protect him by being offended, and he says, Men like you are men of violence. erst again, Ted is brought back to memory. The shot shows a German office. There is blood on the level and a dying officers lying on the ground. People may not think that the scene is great, as it is not a part of the investigation.However, this scene shows the relationship between the doctors and the marshals is distant. For ex ample, since shot 16, the two marshals remains in the same place throughout the scene, while Dr. Naehring remains in his chair for the whole scene. Another reason that this scene is demand to the film is that it provides opportunities for Ted to flashback. His memory hinted the audience that he had been a soldier and he had seen violence. It is foreshadowing that Teds background is related to the development of the story.More importantly, Martin Scorsese continues his port in the Taxi Driver and the Raging Bull by creating characters that viewing a crazed violence. In Shutter Island, there are many criminally insane. In scene 4, shot 8 and shot 35 -40 are about war. There is blood all over the floor and people dying. However, as an Academy Award winner, Scorsese does not apply a variety of shots to the scene. It is because he wants the audience to focus on the conversation among the characters. A very common shot that Scorsese used is the depth of field.He applies it to Ted when Ted is cerebration or to show that he is worried. Using the depth of field technique, the audience can focus on the focal point. It is also a dear way to create suspense as the audiences do not hit the sack what is in the background. However, without good acting from the character, the shot can be impress and not enjoyable for the audience, or the emotions from the actor cannot be shown clearly. To have a close study of a film, we can have a go understanding of the directors filming style.We can teach that the director directs each scene and each shot with a reason. Every shot is useful for the development of the film. For example, in Shutter Island, the director took a shot at the recorder in an office, and it can be related to the recorder that appeared in Teds flashback. Having a close study of a film, we can discover that there are often similar shots to the movie in the past. For example, there is a shower scene in which the camera looks up at the shower as the water is speed. It is similar to Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock.Running water is a typical thriller theme, signifying danger and time running out. Shutter Island also has other similarities with Psycho. In Shutter Island, Rachel Solando, the missing prisoner was at first the focus of the film, also the reason the marshals travelled to the island. Later in the movie, the focus changes that Teds started to concern about the brain surgery in the lighthouse. Like Marion in Psycho, audience would assume that she is an important role of the film, however, she died very soon.This technique makes the audience more anticipating. By change our understanding of how film communicates with audience, we can improve our ability to make film. We would receipt when to use different shots. For example, medium shots are used to show what the character is doing close up is to show subjects subjectively. We can also learn to overtake unnecessary shots or characters in the film. Every shot should be headspring pl anned and well thought before it was taken, and it should be able to charge with other shots in the film.Furthermore, having a close study of a film can help s understand the style of films of different genres. For example, Shutter Island is a mysterious thriller. By studying this film, we can learn how do choose a mysterious soundtrack for a thriller, and how to make a scene more suspenseful. In conclusion, it is important to study films closely in order to improve out ability to make film. As Martin Scorsese once said, film is a matter of whats in the drift and whats out. To learn from great directors, we will know what should be put in the frame and what is out.

No name woman by Maxine Hong Kingston Essay

No name woman, by Maxine Hong Kingston, exposed the harsh refine custodyt of the Chinese in the 1920s. Women were treated as breeders and slaves to their hubbys. The unborn is the narrators aunt whom she never had the chance to meet. The dumbfound tells the story while her daughter listens to the devastating self-annihilation of her aunt. The narrator of the story struggles to find the morals of her deceased aunt she attempts to fracture and understand the Chinese culture in the 1920s versus the American culture she currently lives in. Chinese culture in the 20s has evermore been a patriarchal society.The men are completely dominant they run money and shelter for the women and children. Women, on the other hand, do non pretend any power in decision-making, women in the old China did not choose (825). They had no say in who their husband would be or how many children they had to have. When they were commanded to do a chore or to cook they were forced to exclusively follow t heir husbands wishes. During the adolescent age, brothers and sisters, newly men and women, had to efface their internal color and present plain miens (828).E realone in the Chinese society looked the comparable there was no make-up or chic hairstyles to make a unique appearance. The hair must be pulled up in a bun when young and when they married, women could cut their hair. A general characteristic of the Chinese was the temptation to grab attention by address loudly or shouting at family gatherings (828). The narrator even admits her mother restrained shouts in the library or other quiet areas. The revision from Chinese culture to Chinese-American culture has been different for her family.In the 1970s the root American generations have had to figure out the invisible knowledge base the emigrants reinforced around her childhood in solid America (824). The narrator feels same(p) her immediate family is not adjusting to the American culture effectively. The narrators family has a secret. Her aunt became a disgrace to their family and crossroads in China. Her mother states, your let has all brothers because it is as if she had never been born (823). In the Chinese culture, committing sexual relations outside of marriage is considered dishonoring your familys name.Family values are very important and committing unfaithfulness equals banishment from the village. When the narrators aunt becomes pregnant, and her husband had been away for eld, no one said anything. They did not discuss it (823). The give of the baby was unknown, but, the family did not even attempt to find him. Not unaccompanied did the aunt repulsiveness, but her baby would forever live in sin because of her mothers actions. In the Chinese culture, their past stayed with them forever they couldnt start over like the Japanese and become a Samurais or Geishas (826).They were forced to the outcast table during family feasts and were basically shunned. On top of proper impregnated by a nother man, the aunt had a daughter which, to have a daughter in starvation time was a waste decorous (825). Producing a male was more beneficial to the village and carrying on the family name. allegiance is the main factor in this story. The dominance of the male required, she obey him, she always did what she was told (825). Therefore, the stove reaction occurred, the aunt became pregnant and cursed the village. Even throughout vaginal birth she never revealed the fathers identity.Just hours before she delivered, the village sacked and raided her home. They screamed, Look what youve done. Youve killed us. Ghost Dead ghost. Youve never been born (830). This disgrace only left her to commit suicide with her child. If she decided to stay in this world she would forever be an outcast and her daughter would be treated as a living curse. Even though she took her and her childs life, infidelity had already harmed the village, the waves of consequences would return unpredictable, some times in disguise to hurt her (830). The impairment was already done.She disrespected her familys name. Also, the village had to suffer penalties from her actions. They believe the breaking of the village code would set a curse on them. Her mother diffuse this particular story to ensure her daughter does not make the same mistake. Even though they are now experiencing Chinese-American culture, the Chinese culture still remains dominant in their family. Her aunt sinned over 50 years ago when this story was told however, the ramifications are still affecting her family. This story was mentioned to check another family crisis and to keep the family name free of sin.

Pch International

CASE GS-61 DATE 04/01/08 PCH INTERNATIONAL MANAGING THE FLOWS OF INFORMATION, GOODS, AND finance Liam facey, CEO of PCH worldwide Limited (PCH), was in ein truth way an adventurer. natural and having spent most of his y egressh in Cork, Ireland, Casey had n invariably lived in mainland mainland chinaware until he started traveling and working in the country in his young twenties. Yet, with bug out speaking frequently Chinese, Casey fudged to establish an innovative fork oer icon solutions political set offy in mainland Chinas pulverisation city of Shenzhen and grew it to almost 700 employees in adept ten twelvemonths.By 2007, PCH had become a ball-shaped ac lodge it had customers in Western Europe and North America and its IT operations, manufacturing and wargonhousing support was primed(p) in Ireland, China, Singapore, mainland China, South Africa and Brazil. In fact, so successful was Caseys profession that the mildmannered and extremely diligent entrepreneur won the Ireland 2007 Ernst &038 Young Entrepreneur of the year award. 1 Collecting business line competition accolades was not what Casey had in look when he first started PCH.When Casey went to Taiwan in 1996 to attend a calculator and electronics fair, he saying an fortune to jockstrap global engineering science companies attain emolument of Asia and Chinas suffering- exist provider base and manufacturing capabilities. Although PCH started out in the mid-1990s as a sourcing agent of low- wrongd electronic shares from Taiwan and China to the Western creative activity, by 2007 it had evolved into a provider of comprehensive hang on string of mountains solutions to global engineering science companies. PCH was imageed to address the expects of a complex global applied science add chain landscape. Arthur Beesley, Casey Picks Up general Award, Irish Times, October 26, 2007, p. 12 Jennie Tung prepared this crusade under the administerment of Professor Hau Lee as th e basis for class discussion quite an than to illustrate either effective or ineffective manipulation of an administrative situation. Copyright 2008 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. To g all overn copies or request permission to reproduce materials, e-mail the Case Writing propose at email&160protected stanford. du or write Case Writing Office, Stanford tweak civilise of Business, 518 Memorial Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5015. No part of this publication whitethorn be reproduced, stored in a retrieval governance, substance abused in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in every form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or divers(prenominal)wise without the permission of the Stanford Graduate School of Business. PCH International Managing Goods, go throughledge and pecuniary Flows GS-61 p. 2 STATE OF THE TECHNOLOGY cut CHAINThe Maturing leave cosmic string By the twenty-fi rst degree Celsius, engine room yields of all sorts became omnipresent and profoundly transformed the way people lived and worked. However, in the 1990s, in similarity to other global tally chains much(prenominal)(prenominal) as garments and toys, which had over roughly 50 years of outsourcing experience, the engine room sum up chain was steady in its premature development. For example, by the mid-1990s, the digital camera, the mobile ph oneness, and the laptop calculator had only hardly become a mainstream consumer category.As such, in summation to instruction on designing cutting edge fruits, technology companies were trying portend out the most high-octane ways to deliver their harvest-feasts to end consumers. On the consumer technology give chain sequenceline, the 1970s and 1980s showed only a fine fare of global brands, such as the monolithic technology conglomerates Sony and Siemens, who were industry leader broadcast in to a greater extent harves t-time categories. These industry leaders relied on their vertically integrated supply chains and their ability to interlace in suppliers to keep naked competitors from entering the securities industry. However, as venture smashing funding became much avail fitting in the 1990s, the technology market saying continuous waves of innovation, shorter product lifecycles, freshly products and brands. At the same time, the 1990s overly saw a drastic increase in independent manufacturers and suppliers, especially in Asia. These businesses had developed sophisticated technical capabilities after serving the global brands for a government issue of years. The confluence of these factors changed what it took to win in the technology space. vertically integrated cultivateers of the past were re situated with engineering-savvy, asset-light marketing and design companies. As such, both bear-sized and small technology companies had the opportunity to bring products to market through th e use of sub-contracting. By the late 1990s, consumers not only had more product choices moreover also multiple channels to buy from, including online stores, which were becoming popular. Within the world of technology products, the supply chain systems for the consider adequate-ranging product types were not uniform. For example, the more complex biggish systems, such as telecom base stations, had a unalike supply chain model from the smaller consumer electronics products, such as face-to-face MP3 players and laptop com pointers.This case taperes on the small consumer electronics supply chain, whose characteristics include having many component suppliers, with assembly sites doing the final assembly and testing. The modular building of technology products meant that the brand owners had to manage a large network of suppliers. To adhere competitive, large and small technology companies began to out starting time a significant part of their supply chain to third party vendo rs in rule to focus their resources on brand diverseiating activities, such as product design and marketing. This outsourcing burn in the 2 3PCH International Limited (PCH), entropy Memorandum for say-so Investors, November 2007, pp. 3-5. Ibid. 4 www. Alibaba. com was an online directory of suppliers in China 5 PCH, op. cit. pp. 3-5. PCH International Managing Goods, Information and monetary Flows GS-61 p. 3 1980s created a new industry cognise as Electronic Manufacturing run (EMS). By the 1990s, the EMS industry had a number of global collection plate players, notably Hon Hai Precision Industries (Foxconn), Flextronics, Celestica, Sanmina-SCI, Jabil, Elcoteq, and a few 12 others.In addition, several thousand smaller companies continued to occupy EMS niches and served a wide range of consumer electronics brands. The business model for the EMS industry was based on large economies of scale in manufacturing, raw materials procurement, pooling of resources, and industrial des ign expertise, in addition to other value-added service such as warranty and repairs. Products construct by EMS companies were labeled with the brand owners brand and corporate identity.As price competition intensified in the consumer electronics industry in the late 1990s, EMS players bit by bit shifted their manufacturing assets to commence live areas, such as cities in Southern China. sequence the leaner overhead structure provided numerous operational and financial benefits, the technology companies faced enormously complex challenges in dealing with procurement, manufacturing, and logistics vendors. Fragmented supplier Base Many technology companies looked to Asia as an outsourcing location, disposed(p) the number of low- court manufacturing and component suppliers in the region.By 2007, China became a major sourcing and production hub for many technology companies. However, to carry on full advantage of Chinas low cost supplier base was not always straightforward. As China was cursorily developing into the manufacturing plant of the world, many companies strove to achieve low cost succession maintaining musical note. Low cost technology goods suppliers were abundantly unattached in the coastal regions of China, in particular in the southern city of Shenzhen, just a 50-minute train ride from Hong Kong. As a procurement officer for a technology accompany, trying to identify the most suitable supplier could be a huge headache.For example, for e rattling cable connector, printer racing circuit board, and MP3 player supplementary item, there were literally hundreds of suppliers to choose from in China. 4 For many technology companies, many of these components were not core or strategical. However, sad management of component parts could impact either aspect of the supply chain, leaving behind many unsatisfied customers. Therefore, to take full advantage of Chinas wealth of suppliers, technology companies inevitable to filter through numerou s vendors to find ones that optimized cost, speed to market, and quality.Working deep(p) Constraints While independent manufacturers and component suppliers benefited from global outsourcing causes in the late 1990s, they also had to face increasing financial support challenges. Casey, who had worked with hundreds of factory owners, observeed of the challenges in raising working capital In the in the first shopping center days of outsourcing, suppliers were able to take a procure order of a guaranteed account book from a well-known company to the bank and, upon verification, would be able to obtain working capital inancing. Letters of Credit (LCs) were issued by the purchaser. However, guaranteed lasting status product volumes have been replaced by rolling short term product guidelines forecasts. The reason is as a technology company faces ruffian competition and declining PCH International Managing Goods, Information and pecuniary Flows GS-61 p. 4 margins, it expects to manage cost aggressively by minimizing size up build-up. This is necessary attached the need to match the ebb and flow of customer taste and requirements.They in secrete demand just-in-time auction pitch from their suppliers which shifted some of the stock certificate holding costs upstream to its vendors, further increasing its need for working capital. In addition, sometimes the purchase company may not be one of the blue-chip globally recognizable brands banks sometimes perceived this as an additional credit risk. This trend resulted in substantial volatility and twinge on some suppliers as banks were not as pass oning to provide trade finance given the perceived increased risk levels.This meant some suppliers found it tremendously difficult, if not extremely expensive to obtain finance. Increasingly Demanding Customers Consumer technology products of the twenty-first century were about superior functionalities, seamless ordering process (both in-store and online) , timely and holy product auction pitch, and a memorable out-of- blow experiencereferring to how consumers felt when they opened the box and reacted to the overall product presentation. Of course, it was critical that the products themselves be trendy and cool, and accompanied by a whole host of accessories to jazz up the products.For many consumers, technology products were perceived in the same vein as fashion goods. Brands, therefore, needed to meet constantly changing tastes and extremely short and tight product development cycles. While professional technology products generally placed more emphasis on product functionalities, they simmer down mandatory support work, such as regional configuration (e. g. , language differences and pre-loaded software program) and just-in-time delivery of products, in order to play down inventory costs. Finally, technology companies needed to provide their customers these highly customized products and purchase experiences at a competitiv e price, while achieving all of the above. These were just some of the characteristics that make the technology supply chain much more challenging than the supply chain of more traditional industries. EMS companies, as discussed above, while able to deliver manufacturing savings to brand owners, were unable to adequately address these bruise points, given that their business model focused on large scale production.The end consumers increasing demand for low price and customized products do it challenging for EMS companies to address these evolving market trends. TECHNOLOGY SUPPLY CHAIN FLOWS AND CHALLENGES An perceptive entrepreneur, Casey saw the pain points described above as opportunities. Over the years, Casey had persuasion a comprehensive solution addressing the market and customer challenges would provide iniquitous value for technology companies. In PCHs menu of go, the over-arching theme was to help thickenings better manage the three distinctive flows in the technol ogy supply chain discipline, goods, and financial.These flows essentially addressed every element required to take a product from concept to being sell ready, including the key locomote of manufacturing, promotion, product customization, logistics and supplier pay. (See demonstrate 1 for an over assimilate of the three flows in the technology supply chain. ) PCH International Managing Goods, Information and Financial Flows GS-61 p. 5 The Virtual yield stove The practical(prenominal) supply chain referred to information flow that occurred in the supply chain as goods moved through the variant stages.The information requirement powerfulness be for a preposterous customer, such as, when will my goods arrive at my door step or for the planning part in a company, how much inventory should I order given existing inventory levels in different parts of the supply chain? When a company outsourced all(prenominal) portion of the supply chain to different vendors, disbursing and piecing information mainstay to adopther from disparate sources could be extremely challenging. The fleshly show Chain The physical supply chain referred to he travel by which physical goods went from product concept to their final customers it dealt with the movement of goods from dissimilar physical locations, such as procurement of components, manufacturing, and logistics. 6 As discussed in the section on challenges facing the technology supply chain, the large number of suppliers and manufacturers in Asia made it extremely cumbersome for companies to identify the most bewitch vendors for their needs. In addition to price negotiation, service quality also required significant due diligence.For example, incidences of delinquent delivery and product quality issues were commonplace. given up the myriad of choices that consumers had for any given technology product, the margin of error allowed was very small. Another challenge in the physical supply chain was customization of products. A question much asked by supply chain executives at technology companies was, how should I best take advantage of economies of scale by producing in volume while achieving the customization for each(prenominal) local anaesthetic market, and sometimes for each someone customer? This question highlighted the challenge of managing market-level customization since most technology products needed to pull in multiple countries nigh the world. The challenge could be as simple as placing different language labels on products, to more complex tasks such as first consolidating product incumbrances from different manufacturing sites and thus assembling heterogeneous units for unique customer orders. Finally, logistics and shipment also needed to be managed in an efficient and cost effective manner.The Financial Supply Chain Tied very closely to the physical flow of goods, the financial supply chain referred to the financing required for each step of the supply chain. For exa mple, a manufacturing contractor would need financing to buy components and assume its workers to make the products, before shipping them to the technology company to collect the r veritable(a)ue. Established vendors may have had enough gold to last through a collection cycle plainly smaller or newer vendors could be strapped for cash when a large order came through.While mercantile banks could provide financing for some vendors, new or smaller vendors finish up paying extremely high gratify First Capital Presentation at the Zhejiang University Innovation Institutes Supply Chain Forum, Zhejiang, China, November 13-14, 2007. 6 PCH International Managing Goods, Information and Financial Flows GS-61 p. 6 costs, at least in the sign years of operationsuntil they had developed a stronger tag record to borrow at more complaisant rates from banks. THE PCH SOLUTIONBy 2007, PCH counted a number of global clients as customers. Among its clients were three of the top louvrer ad hom inem computer companies, three of the top five telecom and networking companies, and the top five leading contract electronics manufacturers. 7 According to Casey, PCH offers customized solutions for each client. PCH helps to manage the various communication, culture and geographic barriers that often create operational friction amongst the technology company and its suppliers in the supply chain. In Caseys framework, each PCH solution could be mapped to the various challenges in the three flows of the supply chain, thereby addressing the various gaps in coordinating these flows. For example, PCH manufacturing services addressed the needs in the flow of goods, while PCH Capital addressed the needs in the financial flow in the supply chain (See Exhibit 2 on PCH services categories). equal PCHs technology customers, Casey believed an asset-light approach in managing his business worked the best and, therefore, he had no ownership in any of the vendors that PCH worked with.PCH was ne ither a supplier of goods nor an importer for global technology companies. PCH was a service providera coordinator that helped form and maximize the benefits of an outsourced supply chain for all parties involved. Addressing the Needs of the Virtual Supply Chain Information transparency was a highly valued bear for technology companies given the many moving pieces involved. Casey explained why its software services division was core to PCHs offering to clients and why developing these tools was all-important(a) to PCH in the long term Transparency of process is a tele yell exchange PCH offering.This is why weve developed a series of online software tools that drive inner PCH activities and to provide a portal for clients to oversee and participate in the process. These systems enabled PCH, customers and third-party suppliers to view and share the same selective information. As all parties are working with the same information on the same platform, confusion is cut down, the ne ed for status communication is reduced and clients can have full visibility to PCHs activities even though they may be half(prenominal) a world away. By 2007, PCH had developed a set of software visibility tools that consolidated relevant information for each individual customer.Examples included StatusFlo, which showed inventory levels of goods in the various locations of the supply chain and TransFlo, which housed all information relevant to billing and shipping documents in one central location for each order. Given the myriad of suppliers, ChinaFlo provided a database of primer data on over 900 factories evaluated by PCH. Each factory indite contained detailed information ranging from basic background information, to factory qualification reports, and to capabilities case studies. Customers also had the ability to view pictures of their products and even search 7 Beesley, loc. it. PCH International Managing Goods, Information and Financial Flows GS-61 p. 7 for hotels in the v icinity of the factories, as the factory profiles had GPS coordinates associated with them. Resolving the chaos and lack of data transparency in the virtual supply chain was one key value-add that PCH offered. (See Exhibit 3 for a screenshot of different sections of PCHs information portal. ) Addressing the Needs of the Physical Supply Chain Casey reflected on the path that PCH took The historical success of PCH was in manufacturing services where goods were sourced and manufactured for our clients.This was how the company got started. Over time, PCH had moved deeper into the product life cycle where solutions were renew entire distri thoion systems for some of our clients, PCH took over warehousing, inventory management, and sell conceptualisation functions. We wanted to move to higher value services as contend to being just a sourcing agent. With this strategy, PCH developed three core services that addressed the complexity and confusion of sourcing and manufacturing in Asia, in particular in China. As of 2007, these services were manufacturing, clutches, and fulfilment services.Manufacturing Services PCH offered its manufacturing services to clients as early as the product development phase. Technology companies would approach PCH with ideas for products and PCHs design team then developed prototypes for manufacturing. Casey proudly mentioned how PCHs sayd services created benefits for the entire supply chain. Even if our clients just ask for product quotes, we would put the product through industrial design optimization that yields the best cost for the customer while minimizing likely quality issues.Many of our clients did not expect this but this is the level of services that we aim for. We do not tie the product design to the capabilities of any specific factory group but act individually on behalf of our clientsThis level of services also compares favorably to just a company to outsource manufacturer relationship where the focus is on landing t he contract and concourse minimum quantities this also meant final product quality and the end exploiter experience being far down the outsource manufactures list of priorities.The other part of PCH manufacturing services entailed factory identification, qualification, and ongoing monitoring. For this set of services, PCH also leveraged its software services (see information supply chain in previous section) to differentiate itself from other competitors. Casey said, Rather than just identifying the factories for manufacturing, we would map out the locations of the various potential manufacturing sites and how that would fit in the overall supply chain. This strategy ensured that the entire supply chain was optimized, taking into consideration the later steps in the process, such as warehousing and shipment consolidation. PCH International Managing Goods, Information and Financial Flows GS-61 p. 8 Postponement and Fulfillment Services Traditionally, once the technology products we re produced and quality examine in the approved outsourced factories, they were shipped to warehouse facilities before going to the various retail destinations.A potential downside to this model was that when the bulk shipment arrived at the retail destination, which might be in a high cost country such as the U. S. or Europe, the products still needed to be further customized for each local market whether it was adding country appropriate labeling or putting on UPC labels. This meant that even though a company had saved by manufacturing its goods in Asia, this last mile customization could bring the total product costs back up. The other downside was that a technology company also needed to pay for inventory holding costs.And, this inventory had limited flexibility a company could not move it to other geographies, even if a particular product was running a shortage in other locations. To address these challenges, PCH offered postponement servicesthe act of holding goods in the sup ply chain (often in bulk format pending final assembly or packaging) for delivery to a warehouse, retail store or the end consumer. 8 In Caseys words, What we are doing is bringing a vanilla product to a stage in a process and then flavor in the last minute. So youre postponing the flavoring. The final steps would only be carried out once the demand was clearly visible. Most of PCHs clients products were manufactured around the coastal areas of China, so PCH strategically located its postponement processing facilities in the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen, and in Singapore. These locations were selected for their relatively low aim costs (some of the final packaging was quite labor intensive) and the availability of favorable tax-free trade zones. For example, one of PCHs clients was a global personal computer (PC) company.When its PCs arrived in Shenzhens postponement processing facility in bulk, the machines had no software. Given these computers could be destined for differen t locations around the world, PCH would anticipate for the final order before it preloaded the different language operating systems into these computers for the various markets. These computers were held in Shenzhens Futian Tax Free Trade zone which yielded lower inventory holding costs, as compared to having them sit at the warehouses in a higher cost country location.As PCHs goal was to help customers to the full manage the physical supply chain, its fulfillment services addressed the handling of product orders from clients, their distribution chains or directly from end consumers over the Internet. 9 This meant that after products had gone through final assembly and packaging in the postponement phase, PCH could have them delivered directly to retail stores, ready for sale or to the end consumers doorstep. Working with third party logistics providers, PCH had several options for pickup truck and shipment to overseas locations.Even though PCH provided postponement in China, te chnology products were often transported by air, so this did not mean PCHs response time was much worse than the conventional approach of having postponement at the retail distribution center in the U. S. Casey explained why the combination of postponement and fulfillment services worked well for PCHs technology clients and how it addressed challenges in the broader market environment 8 9 PCH, op. cit. pp. 9-13 Ibid. PCH International Managing Goods, Information and Financial Flows GS-61 p. 9The constantly shifting consumer tastes and trends make forecast volume for any technology product difficult. When Internet sales direct to a customers hearthstone are added into the array of distribution possibilities, the processing needs become even more complex. With postponement and fulfillment services located close to the manufacturing sites, it drastically shortens time to market. By offering a variety of packaging and shipment options, PCH is able to both manage fast and slow moving in ventory in a manner that reduces the overall supply chain costs to technology companies.This approach provides clients with substantial leverage in their operations total factory commitments remain somewhat unchanged, product inventory quantities shrink, warehouse networks shrink, if not go away all to sither, and the cost of operating the supply chain falls. PCHs unequalled Position In summarizing PCHs value pro bunk, Casey believed PCHs role as the coordinator in the supply chain was beneficial for all parties involved Our purpose as a company is developing partnerships, delivering peace of mind.None of our customers have ever gone direct to a factory. Some customers have made phone calls to factories, but the factories will call us immediately because those factories also made products for five of our other clients. So we bring a very big book of business to these component suppliers and thats why they like to work with us. The factories are getting a steady flow of business t hrough our volume consolidation. At the same time our customers also benefit from economies of scale by consolidating their orders with their competitors, which are nonproprietary stuff.Casey believed that in the 1990s, global companies operating in China were all about the knowledge challenge and everyone was just trying to learn about the landscape. By 2000, it was all about the execution challenge that is, how do you real do it and benefit from what China has to offer, said Casey. Client Case Example10 Managing the Physical and Information Supply Chain PCH worked with a wide range of technology clients but perhaps its partnership with one global consumer technology company provided the best example to illustrate the principles behind technology supply chain outsourcing.Situation The client was a global consumer electronics company and, since the early 2000s, had produced a number of blockbuster products that were sold worldwide. Sales revenue was growing rapidly and most of its products were manufactured in Taiwan and China. These products were sold over the Internet, in addition to a variety of retail outlets, and were often sold with accessories such as protective carrying cases, spare parts, and alternative configurations of the products. PCH operated under a confidentiality compact with most of its clients hence, actual client names have been disguised.Some of the company data provided was fictitious to preserve anonymity. 10 PCH International Managing Goods, Information and Financial Flows GS-61 p. 10 Playing in the extremely competitive consumer technology space, this client had introduced new products every year or sosometimes with an entirely new product line and sometimes with upgrades to existing models. Complication In the initial years, this client worked with a global logistics provider to operate its more than five North American and European warehouse facilities inventories from Asia arrived in bulk and were stored in these locations.Its p roducts were delivered to end consumers or retail locations upon ordering. Its accessory parts were produced by different factories in Asia and were then shipped separately to various destination markets. For example, when customers ordered quad accessories, they might receive four different shipments on four different dates, leaving them sometimes confused and unable to track the status of their orders. This formation was also expensive for the technology company, given the high cost of inventory storage and the multiple airfreight bills for each customer.More importantly, the client promised its end consumers more than just beautifully designed products, it also promised a superior consumer experiencefrom placing the order on the Internet to actually receiving the product. The order status had to be available real time and visible to consumers at each stage of execution the delivery commitment to its end consumers was two to three days to the doorstep, which was often half a wor ld away from where the goods were produced.Finally, considerable care and attention were given to the packaging and presentation of the products to ensure that end consumers were truly delighted when open up the box. Solution In serving this client, PCH set up an on-site real-time data transfer between clients and PCHs system in Shenzhen, China. As customers place orders in North America, the orders were consolidated and federal official live to PCHs processing facilities.PCH had already stored bulk inventories of various accessory parts in its facilities once information for each orders were received, the PCH teams in Shenzhen then go and grab the various parts and assemble them into one exclusive package for each customer order. Customized and country appropriate packaging, including items such as usual manuals and in-country product support, were added to these parts. Finally, product codes were added to products in case the consumer wanted to a return or obtain customer servic es in their local customer service centers.This solution brought all product handling (post manufacturing) into China and all orders were shipped directly from one location to the final destination. This translated into savings on logistics as customers were now receiving only one shipment as foreign to multiple shipments. Addressing the Needs of the Financial Supply Chain As discussed in the state of the technology supply chain section, component suppliers and factories sometimes ran into a working capital crunch when unable to obtain feasible financing from commercial banks.On the opposite side of the table, the commercial banks generally appreciated the opportunity to help finance the components suppliers and factories, thereby gaining more visibility into the operations of these small to medium size operations. Casey drew insights from observing these challenges and decided that PCH was actually in a great position to help de-risk the entire supply chainfor the technology compa nies, banks, and the factories. Casey described how PCHs services were different from those of other global PCH International Managing Goods, Information and Financial Flows GS-61 . 11 logistics providers The FedExes and DHLs know where the boxes are, but PCH knows whats inside the boxes. Given its span of participation in the supply chain, PCH gained a wealth of knowledge about the factories, the products, and the ultimate client. This knowledge became extremely worthy in doing risk assessment. For example, PCH staff (including Casey) had personally visited the factories and had worked with the owners and the technology companies for months. This level of appreciation far exceeded what could be accomplished by suming officers.This unique position enabled PCH to effectively play the trade finance role in the supply chain cycle. By 2008, Casey envisioned the ways in which PCH could play a broader role in the financial supply chain as it saw pain points in the retailer to factory relationship. In the past, U. S. retailers (customers of PCH) placed purchase orders (POs) with outsourcing factories in China. The U. S. retailers would then apply for a Letter of Credit (LC) with a bank that would provide the required financing to the factory. Once the orders had been manufactured, the factories would then ship the goods directly to the retailers.As the consumer electronics industry evolved, retailers were no longer willing to place large purchase orders, given the uncertainty of the market. In order to protect their margins and to minimize inventory costs, retailers changed payment terms on the factories. The factories were required to obtain financing on their own and would only be paid 90 days after the retailers received the products. This put a tremendous amount of pressure on the factories. PCH saw this as an opportunity for another value-added service.Casey envisioned that PCH could play the role of an intermediary to facilitate the financial flow from the moment the retailers placed their orders to the delivery of goods. The new model was such that retailers would place orders with PCH and PCH would then place the orders with the factories. Given PCHs size and its relationship with global technology firms, banks would be willing to lend funds to PCH. At the same time, PCH could then lend funds back to its factories and suppliers at a higher interest rate, but still lower than what the factories and suppliers would have gotten on their own.PCH effectively made the interest spread between the banks and the factories and suppliers. JOURNEY TO-DATE AND PATH GOING FORWARD Casey, the business adventurer from Ireland seemed to have demystified the often chaotic Chinese manufacturing landscape. Casey recalled the tremendous trouble in initially setting up the business in 1996 I found companies in Ireland that were buying cables, connectors and audio accessories through British distributors who were actually sourcing them from Asia anyway.It took a long time to convince these Irish companies to go source directly from Asia because their perception was that you couldnt get quality or the right products in Asia, plus they were worried about dealing with the time difference. With only $20,000 in start-up capital and unable to afford staff, Casey worked alone for two years, getting to know factories in China, opportunities, and the business. Just ten years into the PCH International Managing Goods, Information and Financial Flows GS-61 p. 12 ame, Casey disclosed that by 2007, PCH generated over $100 million in annual revenue, not a small feat for someone who still claimed to not speak much Mandarin. As the company grew into a much larger company since its start-up days, Casey believed one of the most important things to preserve in the company culture was the sense of urgency. In the initial years, he remembered that every single customer contract determined the survival of the company. That sense of urgency, to get thing s done, to exceed customer expectation continued to stay in the company even after all these years.This sense of urgency was a quality of PCHthe speed and the can-do attitude, said Casey. (See Exhibit 4 and 5 for revenue breakdown. ) A long-time customer of PCH was Better Energy Systems (BES), the brand owner of Solio movable solar power. PCH had been managing BESs end-to-end supply chain. Put simply, PCH understands the business and quality requirements of the West, while at the same time can effectively manage the day to day complexities of a Chinese supply chain, said Christopher Hornor, forefront executive of BES. 1 While Casey believed PCHs end-to-end solution provided a unique value proposition to technology companies, he also humbly admitted theres nothing that would prevent our customers from going directly to the suppliers in the future. In trying to chart out the growth plan for his company in the years to come, he was contemplating several options expanding service op tions or obtaining strategic investors. Regardless of the growth strategy, Casey had always believed in building PCH one client at a time. You do a good job, they give you more work, he said. Its all about servicemaking sure they get what they want, when they want it. 12 And such was the truism in operating any supply chain. 11 12 Clifford Coonan, Understanding the Rules Is Key to Success in China, Irish Times, September 25, 2006. Anna Healy Fenton, Irish Rover Now Fluent in Solutions-Speak, South China Morning Post, March 26, 2005. PCH International Managing Goods, Information and Financial Flows GS-61 p. 13 Exhibit 1 PCH Integrated Supply Chain undertake Technol ogy Suppl y Chain Sol uti on V i rtual Supply Chai n Flow of inf ormation Physi cal Suppl y Chain Fl ow of productsFi nancial Supply Chai n Fl ow of f unds Source Company Internal Information Exhibit 2 PCH Services Categories PCH International Managing Goods, Information and Financial Flows GS-61 p. 14 Exhibit 3 PCH In formation Portal Source Company Internal Document Exhibit 4 Revenue Breakdown by Category 2005 49% 19% 13% 10% 10% 2006 42% 32% 12% 6% 7% 2007 45% 29% 14% 5% 6% Electronics Telecom medical exam PC Other Source Company Internal Document Exhibit 5 Revenue Breakdown by Geography 2005 51% 23% 9% 17% 0% 2006 46% 26. 5% 0. 4% 27% 0. 1% 2007 48% 22% 3% 25% 1% ground forces Ireland Europe Asia Brazil Source Company Internal Document

Preferred Stock and Common Stock

29) All of the pastime features may be trait of preferred nisus EXCEPT A) callable. B) no maturity date. C) tax-deductible dividends. D) convertible. exercise c If a firm has enlighten A and class B commonaltyalty stock outstanding, it means that A) each class receives a different dividend. B) the score value of each class is different. C) the dividend paid to one of the classes is tax deductible by the corporation. D) one of the classes is probably non-voting stock. Answer D 33)Julian is considering purchasing the stock of Pepsi Cola because he really loves the degustation of Pepsi. What should Julian be unforced to remunerate for Pepsi today if it is expected to pay a $2 dividend in one year and he expects dividends to increase at 5 pct indefinitely? Julian requires a 12 percent return to dispatch this investment. A) $28. 57 B) $29. 33 C) $31. 43 D) $43. 14 Answer A Nico custom-made Cycles common stock currently pays no dividends. The company plans to begin pay di vidends beginning 3 years from today. The root dividend will be $3. 0 and dividends will grow at 5 percent per year thereafter. given up a required return of 15 percent, what would you pay for the stock today? A) $25. 33 B) $18. 73 C) $29. 86 D) $20. 72 Jias Fashions recently paid a $2 annual dividend. The company is communicate that its dividends will grow by 20 percent next year, 12 percent p.a. for the dickens years after that, and then at 6 percent annually thereafter. Based on this information, how much should Jias Fashions common stock sell for today if her required return is 10. 5%? A) $54. 90 B) $60. 80 C) $66. 60 D) $69. 30 Answer CPreferred song and Common Stock29) All of the following features may be characteristic of preferred stock EXCEPT A) callable. B) no maturity date. C) tax-deductible dividends. D) convertible. Answer c If a firm has class A and class B common stock outstanding, it means that A) each class receives a different dividend. B) the par value of eac h class is different. C) the dividend paid to one of the classes is tax deductible by the corporation. D) one of the classes is probably non-voting stock. Answer D 33)Julian is considering purchasing the stock of Pepsi Cola because he really loves the taste of Pepsi. What should Julian be willing to pay for Pepsi today if it is expected to pay a $2 dividend in one year and he expects dividends to growth at 5 percent indefinitely? Julian requires a 12 percent return to make this investment. A) $28. 57 B) $29. 33 C) $31. 43 D) $43. 14 Answer A Nico Custom Cycles common stock currently pays no dividends. The company plans to begin paying dividends beginning 3 years from today. The first dividend will be $3. 0 and dividends will grow at 5 percent per year thereafter. Given a required return of 15 percent, what would you pay for the stock today? A) $25. 33 B) $18. 73 C) $29. 86 D) $20. 72 Jias Fashions recently paid a $2 annual dividend. The company is projecting that its dividends will grow by 20 percent next year, 12 percent annually for the two years after that, and then at 6 percent annually thereafter. Based on this information, how much should Jias Fashions common stock sell for today if her required return is 10. 5%? A) $54. 90 B) $60. 80 C) $66. 60 D) $69. 30 Answer C

Advanced Nursing

With the using of more move on ways to deliver consumer centered quality wellness cargon services the traditional professional roles of retain and doctor be being transformed. The shift from provider driven to consumer driven wellness vexation system anticipated a change in traditional ethical, cultural, and morphological doctrine of professions in the system.As such, there is distinct shift in presidential term and culture of nurse profession, which includes the way nurses argon educated, development of new breast feeding competencies, Code of Ethics, and a Code of Conduct, influences of human in force(p)s movement, opportunity policy, and legislation.There eat been kind of a number of speculations and criticism behind the establishment of advance(a) nurse act but generally a lot of potential and promises have been seen from this profession. Proof of this is that States such as Kansas have since revised their laws concerning the practice since 1999, and has generated confirmative responses thus far ( treat habituate Act changes to be introduced in 1999, 1999).Similar cases in which there was an increase in the number of advanced nursing Practiti onenessrs has withal been note in States interchange equal Connecticut, where a community of APNs started their confess discussion group until they found that their population has increase since they were established in the late 1990s (Capobianco, 1999).Definition of go nurse charge in advance(p) nursing practice at its simplest, is the attainment of further bringing up, caring skills and field of practice of registered nurses. Those who are under(a)going advanced nursing practice posses a masters or stock-still a doctorate degree in nursing, and in doing so whitethorn entitle themselves to additional certification examinations.The practicians of Advanced Nursing Practice are called Advanced Practice comforts or APNs may likewise take the depute of Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM), Nurse Prac titioner (NP), Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) or Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) whenever required. They may too administer primary wellness care, perform mental health services, examine and prescribe medicine, do some scientific research and finally they flowerpot also teach in medical and nursing schools.As with other professions, examinations are conducted to earn and maintain licenses which some professionals claim as almost like trying to acquire a medical practice license (Advanced Practice Nursing, 2006).Another definition of advanced nursing practice comes from Jeffrey Bauer, one of the authors of Telemedicine and the Reinvention of Healthcare The Seventh Revolution in Medicine. He defines advanced practice nursing as not just the attainment of higher education and training of a nurse but also the pursuit of worth through the six foundations of professional autonomy.Bauer also noted that APNs can write out their own clinical practice and that they are p robably the solution for the rudes ever present shortage of health care practitioners (Sharp, 2000).Brown (2003) in the position statement defines advanced practice nursing as an umbrella term appropriate for a licensed registered nurse prepared at the graduate degree level with specialized knowledge and skills that are utilize within a broad range of patient populations in a variety of practice settings.The competencies of specialists include the ability to assess, conceptualize, diagnose, and analyze complex problems cerebrate to health. Credentials for a specialist require latest licensure as a registered nurse, at least a masters degree in nursing, current study certification in the advanced practice area, and approval by the tabular array of nursing, (Brown, 2003, p. 391).As such, even though there is a variety of definitions that are apply by scholars to define advanced nursing practice, there are tercet crucial features that distinguish advanced practice nursing from a incessant registered nurse graduate level advanced education, strong relevant and particular(prenominal) theoretical base, professional application of theoretical knowledge in a day to day practice.Definition and Roles of a Nurse PractitionerA nurse practitioner (NP) is an advanced practicing nurse, whose practice is focused on services that meet the general require of community, individuals, families and groups. NP is one of the four types of dances practicing nurses, the other three certified nurse midwife, certified registered nurse anesthetist, and clinical nurse specialist normally shorten on a specific area of health, such as cancer care, gerontology, mental or national health (Hickey, 2000).High level of collect for nurse practitioners that is caused by economic efficiency of these specialists as compared with doctors is a figure of the roles and focus of services provided by NP.When it comes to speaking about the scope of roles attributed to a nurse practitioner, they are broad. Earlier definitions address health promotion and ailment prevention as well as involve diagnosis and vigilance of common illnesses alongside with stable chronic diseases.Nurse practitioners roles also include ordering, conducting, and interpreting laboratory tests alongside with prescriptions, treatments, and therapies. The general roles must hence be matched with the specific theoretical background of a nurse practitioner and the field of practice (Raingruber, 2003).As such, the focus of the nursing practitioners roles is on chronic health care treatment, performance of parental, child care, well-woman and adult care check ups, and, finally, health promotion and teaching alongside with disease prevention.Primary attention is given belatedly to patient nurse practitioner relationships and the scope of NP roles in a given situation. Firstly, scholars emphasize advocacy relationships amidst the two, as there is a conflict between NPs freedom to practice and patie nts rights and interests in health care settings.Ellen W. Bernal (2002) emphasizes the importance of friendly relationships between patients and medical effect and the role of a nurse practitioner as a patients advocate. to a lower place this view, NPs are to identify unsafe and unethical practices and at the same cartridge clip maintain own autonomy in order to be able to openly stand up to moral and ethical dilemmas.At the same time, the regard to maintain treatment boundaries within the nurse client relationship is also one of the roles of nurse practitioners. As nurse find themselves working in different therapeutic settings working on his/her own or as a member of a team, the boundaries of client relationships are often a assailable to testing (Peternelj-Taylor, & Yonge, 2003).As such, one of the roles of NP is to adequately react to the testing within the boundaries of professional justice. Even though there is a large amount of literature addressing therapeutic trea tment boundaries for nurse practitioners, it is unsurmountable to address every situation and the issue still remains to be up to nurses consent, whereas the role of NP is to establish and maintain working boundaries in patient relationships.Professional Issues Surrounding Advanced Nursing PracticePerhaps, the hottest issue surrounding current ANP is the blurring line between being a doctor and ANP. To be more specific, ANPs feel as though their territory is slowly being intruded by APNs, which they believe is outrageously unfair for them who have the proper and real right to administer medical attention to patients.A drastically increasing number of ANPs in the United States, which doubled within the past 10 years and, under the most modest predictions, is likely to double within the next 4 years. The scope of the issue is broad, as in more then half(prenominal) of the states ANPs are allowed to practice without any(prenominal) distinct requirement for physician watch or collab oration (Mccabe & Burman, 2006).Going even further then this, as nurses have authority to prescribe some drugs and are eligible for Medicaid reimbursement in every state it is economically unreasonable for patients, whose focus shifted towards sustaining medicine and health care, to pay for considerably more expensive medical services provided by a physician. As such, there is a conflict between the roles of physicians and APNs, which leads to uncertainty and deprives medical students to pursue additional education.Thus, a way in which this case can be solved is by putting a leap on what an APN can and cannot do by setting-up a set of guidelines and regulations that volition sportyly state the roles of the physician and APN so that arguments like these would be avoided (Edmunds, 1999).It should be further pointed out, that the issue is very challenging, as there is a destiny to issue federal level guidelines and, perhaps, even regulates market economically in order to reso lve the current argument.Other professional issues surrounding Advanced Nursing Practice are related to patient-nursing roles, Ethical Code of Ethics and a Code of Conduct that define nursing behavior in a given situation. Being complicated and complex previously, they become a subject to even wider interpretation as a result of blurring difference between the roles of physician and APN, as they question the current hierarchy in health organizations and current reimbursement policy in health institutions.ConclusionNurses are the backbone of the intentness and thus it should be equated that a strong backbone is required for the integrity of the industry. Unfortunately, inability of government to establish in a timely musical mode guidelines for advanced nursing practice results in a conflict between the roles of a physician and a nurse practitioner, which leads to uncertainty and potential misconduct.And still, it is clear that the advantages and benefits of advanced nursing practi ces far outweigh its consequences. It should also be noted that there are boundaries and limits that are established between the two professions and that any argument regarding these should be settled in a much preferably mild-mannered and professional way. After all, professionalism is all about work and anything that is taken personally should be shrugged off.ReferencesAdvanced nursing practice update. (1999). Kansas State Nurses Association. Retrieved July 31, 2006 from http//www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3940/is_199906/ai_n8877228/printAdvanced Practice Nursing. (15 July 2006). Retrieved July 31, 2006 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Practice_NurseBernal, E. W. (2002). The Nurse as Patient Advocate. The Hastings Center Report, 22(4), 18.Brown, M.A., & Draye, M.A. (2003). Experiences of pioneer nurse practitioners in establishing advanced practice roles. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35(4), 391-397.Capobianco, M. (1999). Advanced practice nursing in the no rthwest Theres a lot possibility in our little corner of the state. Connecticut Nursing News. tribe/Nov. Retrieved July 31, 2006 from http//www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3902/is_199909/ai_n8853925/printEdmunds, Marilyn W. (1999). Increasing professional tension limits NP opportunities. Springhouse Corporation. Retrieved July 31, 2006 from http//www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3958/is_199905/ai_n8851221/printHickey, J. V. (2000). ANCC Responds. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 36(1), 33.Mccabe, S., & Burman, M. E. (2006). A Tale of Two APNs Addressing Blurred Practice Boundaries in APN Practice. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 42(1), 3.Nurse Practice Act changes to be introduced in 1999. Kansas Nurses. Jan. 1999.Peternelj-Taylor, C. A., & Yonge, O. (2003). Exploring Boundaries in the Nurse-Client Relationship Professional Roles and Responsibilities. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 39(2), 55.Raingruber, B. (2003). invoke The Fundamental Significance of Relati onship as a Paradigm for intellectual Health Nursing. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 39(3), 104.Sharp, Nancy. (2000). The 21st century belongs to nurse practitioners. Nurse Practitioner, April, 2000.